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 Table of Contents  
DRUG REVIEW
Year : 2016  |  Volume : 18  |  Issue : 2  |  Page : 72-73

Ceftaroline Fosamil: An update


1 Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College, Paripally, Kollam, Kerala, India
2 Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Paripally, Kollam, Kerala, India

Date of Web Publication30-Nov-2016

Correspondence Address:
Dr. Saritha Narayanan Kutty
Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Paripally, Kollam, Kerala
India
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Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None


DOI: 10.4103/0972-1282.194923

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How to cite this article:
Nair MK, Kutty SN. Ceftaroline Fosamil: An update. J Acad Clin Microbiol 2016;18:72-3

How to cite this URL:
Nair MK, Kutty SN. Ceftaroline Fosamil: An update. J Acad Clin Microbiol [serial online] 2016 [cited 2023 Jun 3];18:72-3. Available from: https://www.jacmjournal.org/text.asp?2016/18/2/72/194923


  Introduction Top


Microbial pathogens have an extraordinary capacity to develop resistance to antimicrobial agents.[1] Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a prominent nosocomial pathogen causing community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and complicated skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs). Cephalosporins are a class of Beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of activity, proven efficacy and favourable safety profile, making it one of the most commonly prescribed classes of antimicrobials.[2] However, all the four generations are inactive against MRSA. Ceftaroline Fosamil, a fifth-generation Cephalosporin,[3] was synthesised by Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd and developed by Cerexa, Inc. and Forest Laboratories, Inc.,[2],[4] and it gained the FDA approval in 2010. The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, however, has considered it under a new subclass 'Cephalosporins with anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus activity'.[2],[5] The 1, 3 thiazole ring attached to three-position of Cephalosporin nucleus and Oxime group in C7 Acyl moiety confers enhanced activity against MRSA.[2]


  Mechanism of Action Top


The bactericidal action is mediated by binding to all forms of penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs; PBP2a and PBP2b, 2×, 1a), causing bacterial cell wall irregularities and eventually bacterial cell death. Activity on PBP2a and PBP2× confers increased activity against S. aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae, respectively.[6]


  Antibacterial Spectrum Top


It is effective against resistant Gram-positive bacteria (e.g., S. aureus including MRSA, Methicillin-susceptible S. aureus, Vancomycin-resistant S. aureus, Vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus agalactiae, S. pneumoniae, Streptococcus viridans, Streptococcus pyogenes), Gram-negative bacteria (e.g.,  Moraxella More Details catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenza, Pasteurella multocida) and a few anaerobes (Propionibacterium spp., Peptostreptococcus spp., non-difficile Clostridium spp., etc.). However, it is inactive against Enterococcus faecium, extended-spectrum β-lactamase and carbapenemase-producing strains, strains with stable de-repressed AmpC β-lactamase production, Pseudomonas spp. and most β-lactamase-producing Gram-negative anaerobes, including Bacteroides fragilis and Prevotella spp.[1],[2],[6]


  Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Profile Top


It is a water-soluble prodrug, rapidly dephosphorylated to the active form, Ceftaroline, in plasma. Less than 20% of the drug is plasma protein bound. Elimination half-life is about 2.7 h, the maximum observed concentration is 21 μg/mL and the area under the concentration-time curve is 56 μg h/mL, with no appreciable accumulation. It is excreted through kidneys and dosage adjustment is recommended for patients with creatinine clearance ≤50 mL/min. Not metabolised by cytochrome P450 enzymes, so less propensity for drug-drug interactions. It exhibits time-dependent killing. The amount of time the serum concentration remains above the minimum inhibitory concentration represents the main pharmacodynamic predictor of efficacy.[6]


  Preparations, Dosage and Uses Top


It is available as 400 and 600 mg single-use vials of sterile powder. The reconstituted solution should be used within 6 h if stored at room temperature or within 24 h if refrigerated.[2] It is used in community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (600 mg intravenous [IV] over 1 h every 12 h for 5-7 days) and acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections including those caused by MRSA (600 mg IV over 1 h every 12 h for 5-14 days).[6]


  Adverse Effects Top


Diarrhoea, nausea, headache, rash and pruritus are the adverse effects. Data are incomplete regarding use in children and are considered as a category B drug in pregnancy.[1],[2]


  Clinical Trials Top


CANVAS I and II trials (randomised, double-blind, multinational Phase III trials) evaluated the efficacy of Ceftaroline for the treatment of SSTIs among 1378 subjects comparing Ceftaroline to Vancomycin ± Aztreonam in 2007. It was found that for treating SSTI, Ceftaroline (600 mg IV every 12 h) was non-inferior to Vancomycin (1 g IV every 12 h) plus Aztreonam (1 g IV every 8 h) administered for 5-14 days. In FOCUS I and II trials (randomised, double-blind, multicentric Phase III trials), 1228 hospitalised adults with moderate to severe CAP were randomised to Ceftaroline (600 mg IV every 12 h) or Ceftriaxone (1 g IV daily) for 5-7 days. The overall clinical and microbiological response rates were similar, demonstrating Ceftaroline to be efficacious, well tolerated and comparable in efficacy and adverse effects to Ceftriaxone in the treatment of CAP.[1]


  Conclusion Top


Ceftaroline Fosamil, a new, broad spectrum Cephalosporin, is a promising approach towards combating MRSA-mediated infections and has been approved for use in CAP and complicated SSTIs.

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

 
  References Top

1.
Duplessis C, Crum-Cianflone NF. Ceftaroline: A New cephalosporin with activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Clin Med Rev Ther 2011;3. pii: A2466.  Back to cited text no. 1
    
2.
Laudano JB. Ceftaroline fosamil: A new broad-spectrum cephalosporin. J Antimicrob Chemother 2011;66 Suppl 3:iii11-8.  Back to cited text no. 2
    
3.
Kollef MH. New antimicrobial agents for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Crit Care Resusc 2009;11:282-6.  Back to cited text no. 3
    
4.
Parish D, Scheinfeld N. Ceftaroline fosamil, a cephalosporin derivative for the potential treatment of MRSA infection. Curr Opin Investig Drugs 2008;9:201-9.  Back to cited text no. 4
    
5.
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: Twentieth Informational Supplement M 100-S20. Wayne, PA, USA: CLSI; 2010.  Back to cited text no. 5
    
6.
Shirley DA, Heil EL, Johnson JK. Ceftaroline fosamil: A brief clinical review. Infect Dis Ther 2013;2:95-110.  Back to cited text no. 6
    




 

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  In this article
Introduction
Mechanism of Action
Antibacterial Sp...
Pharmacokinetic ...
Preparations, Do...
Adverse Effects
Clinical Trials
Conclusion
References

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